Open Access
Table 2
Performance comparison of different models.
| Model | Performance metrics |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (lr)2-7 | Precision (P) (%) | Recall (R) (%) |
 (%) |
FPS | Param (M) | GFLOPs |
| YOLOv5 | 73.1 | 72.2 | 70.4 | 250.92 | 2.5 | 7.1 |
| YOLOv8 | 85.7 | 75.3 | 74.9 | 231.83 | 3.0 | 8.1 |
| YOLOv12 | 56.7 | 75.6 | 78.4 | 132.72 | 2.5 | 5.8 |
| YOLOv11 | 86.9 | 71.4 | 80.4 | 186.31 | 2.5 | 6.3 |
| YOLO-KMM | 94.0 | 74.3 | 88.2 | 246.18 | 2.3 | 5.4 |
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