Per-bend loss for the TE a) and TM b) polarization, comparing standard bends to laterally shifted bend geometries across different bend radii. In the shifted designs, Λ denotes the lateral offset, as illustrated in the inset of a). c) Measured attenuation of cascaded MMI splitters for the TE and TM modes. The linear fits provide the attenuation per MMI device and include additional contributions from bend and propagation losses.