Issue |
J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.
Volume 14, Number 1, 2018
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 24 | |
Number of page(s) | 8 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-018-0093-9 | |
Published online | 01 November 2018 |
Research
Table model and portable optical sensors for the monitoring of time-dependent liquid spreading over rough surfaces
Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
Received:
23
July
2018
Accepted:
22
October
2018
Background: Many applications require liquids to efficiently wet required surfaces as it denotes better performance. The dynamics of pure and complex liquid is known to influence the spreading properties; however, this influence is less understood and solicits other measuring techniques to elucidate the grey area. In this work, we demonstrate the use of simple yet novel optical methods in the monitoring of liquid spreading of pure diesel and kerosene and their binary (complex) mixtures.
Methods: The optical devices are a table model and portable optical sensors which use a diffractive optical element for filtering the specular reflection from a laser speckle pattern obtained from the liquid spreading on the rough surface-liquid-air system. The surfaces used in this study were metal surface roughness standards and roughened glass surface. The viability of the devices was demonstrated using two liquids, namely diesel oil and kerosene, that have a wide difference in their contact angles. The performance of the devices was further tested using binary mixtures of the diesel oil and kerosene. Based on the scattering properties of the spreading liquids and the surfaces, the time-dependent signal was measured with the optical devices.
Results: It was observed that the spreading was influenced by the surface roughness. The magnitude of the signal decreased with increased surface roughness indicating less variation in the spreading of the liquid drop with the increased surface roughness. The nature of the detected signal for the kerosene on the surface with roughness values below the wavelength of the device follows the Tanner’s law of drop spreading. However, the diesel spreads at a lower rate. Additionally, the complexity of the internal interaction of the diesel-kerosene binary mixtures leads to a complex spreading mechanism on the solid surfaces allowing us to screen the adulterated liquids from the authentic diesel oil with high reliability.
Conclusion: We have introduced two novel optical sensors (table model and portable) for the detection of the changes in liquid drop spreading over rough surfaces. The spreading of the liquid drops over a rough surface causes a local contact angle that experiences hysteresis during the spreading process. The spreading depends on the complexity of the liquid and the magnitude of the surface roughness. The unique configuration of the devices makes the portable sensor suitable for longer duration measurements and for field applications, whilst the table model is best suited for monitoring the first transient moments of liquid spreading and for laboratory applications. Such spreading techniques can also be utilized in the detection of wine and strong alcohol, such as vodka, adulterations with glycol and water, respectively.
Key words: Optical sensing and sensors / Surface dynamics / Roughness / Fuel adulteration
© The Author(s) 2018
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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